دانلود پاورپوینت SULPHUR RECOVERY

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SULPHUR RECOVERY

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عنوان های پاورپوینت  : 

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SULPHUR RECOVERY

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PART 2

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(Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU

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PROCESS OVERVIEW

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FEEDSTOCKS TO SRU

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SRU Feedstocks main characteristics

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Sulphur Recovery Efficiency

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Main Applications

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CLAUS SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT

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SULPHUR PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

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CLAUS REACTION

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H2S Conversion – Temperature impact

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Typical arrangement of a Claus Unit

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SULPHUR RECOVERY PLANT TYPICAL FLOW SCHEME

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Side reactions

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Hydrocarbons in acid gas

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(Hydrocarbons in acid gasAromatic compounds effect (BTEX

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Effect of Ammonia in acid gas feedstock

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Conceptual design of a sulphur recovery plant

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Claus unit operating parameters

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Combustion Chamber operating pressure

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Air to acid gas ratio

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Claus reaction : impact of air control

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Flame temperature

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Temperature of catalytic reactors

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Gas reheat at reactor inlet

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CATALYSTS

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Performances

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SULPHUR QUALITY

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EQUIPMENT : Burners

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EQUIPMENT:   Duiker burner

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EQUIPMENT: John Zink burner

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EQUIPMENT: Lurgi burner

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(View of burner (LURGI

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(Combustion chamber control (typical

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Equipment : combustion chamber and waste heat boiler

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Equipement: Combustion Chamber

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Equipement : aste Heat Boiler

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Equipement: catalytic reactors

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Equipement: Sulphur Condensers

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(Incineration (thermal oxidiser

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Thermal oxidiser with WHB

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Sulphur degassing

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Sulphur storage and transport

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Sulphur solidification

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Pastilles

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Rotoform process

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Granulation - Procédé Enersul GX

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Bulk sulphur storage

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Operating problems

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Improvements in Claus units

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(Claus tail gas composition (typical

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Tail Gas treatment

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The various types of Claus tail gas treatment processes

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REDOX type process

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(HP SULFINT  process (IFP

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Catalytic TGT processes

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TGT - Sulphur production in liquid phase

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TGT – Absorption and recycle of H2S or SO2

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Relative cost of Sulphur Recovery Plants with TGT

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\n\nقسمت ها و تکه های اتفاقی از فایل\n\n \n\nEquipment : combustion chamber and waste heat boiler\n\nCombustion chamber :\n\ncarbon steel with refractory lining\n\n(Equipped with temperature measurement devices (optical pyrometers\n\nWaste heat boiler with process gas on tube side and steam generation on shell side:\n\nNatural thermosiphon circulation\n\nEquipement: catalytic reactors\n\nConception :\n\nlow pressure drop\n\nEven distribution of the process gas\n\ngenerally horizontal reactors\n\nCarbon steel with refractory lining\n\n(Equipped with temperatures measurement devices (thermocouples\n\nEquipement: Sulphur Condensers\n\nSingle pass exchangers:\n\nprocess gas on tube side\n\nSteam generation on shell side\n\nEquipped with a KO drum with mesh to avoid sulphur droplets carry over\n\nLightly slopped to enhance sulphur drainage\n\n(Incineration (thermal oxidiser\n\nHigh incineration temperature required for the complete conversion of H2S and sulphur compounds to SO2\n\nH2S < 10 ppm vol\n\ntemperature 650 to 800°C\n\nexcess air in flue gases :  2 à 5% vol\n\n(Natural draft incineration (no air blower\n\nless expensive\n\nexcess air control is uneasy\n\nForced draft incineration (with air blowers)\n\nmore expensive but excess air can be controlled\n\npreferred option if the incinerator is equipped with waste heat recovery\n\nSulphur degassing\n\nRequired to remove the H2S and poly sulfides dissolved in sulphur (safety during storage and transport)\n\nMaximum allowable H2S content < 10 ppm wt\n\nPrinciple :\n\nsulphur agitation by circulation or stripping\n\nwith or without a catalyst\n\nthe degassing offgas is sent to the incinerator via air sweeping\n\nSulphur storage and transport\n\nLiquid sulphur storage:\n\nconcrete pit\n\nmetallic tank\n\nStorage temperature 125 - 140°C\n\nsignificant viscosity increase when  T > 145°C)\n\nLiquid sulphur export by truck, rail or ship tankers (pipeline on short distances)\n\nSolidification for storage and transport (slates, pastilles, granules)\n\nSulphur solidification\n\nSlates\n\nDrawback : low mechanical resistance\n\nPastilles or granules are more regularly shaped and resistant\n\n(ROTOFORM Sandvik (pastilles\n\n(ENERSUL GX (granules\n\nOperating problems\n\nCatalyst beds deactivation\n\nIncomplete combustion of hydrocarbons\n\nSulfatation\n\nfouling\n\nLoss of sulphur recovery efficiency\n\nInactive catalyst\n\nPoor COS or CS2 hydrolysis efficiency\n\nTemperature increase at sulphur condensers\n\nPoor H2S/SO2 ratio control\n\nSulphur mist carry-over\n\nOperating problems\n\nPlugging\n\nSulphur solidification\n\nCorrosion\n\n(Operation below sulfuric acid dew point (water condenstaion\n\nPoor insulation and heat tracing\n\nSulphur « fires » in reactors\n\nExcess oxygen\n\nImprovements in Claus units\n\nNew catalysts\n\nCOS and CS2 hydrolysis\n\n(Direct conversion of H2S to S by oxidation (SuperClaus and uroClaus\n\n(Direct conversion by reduction (Procédé PROCLAUS\n\n(High efficiency burners (NH3, BTEX\n\nH2S/SO2 analysers\n\nUse of enriched air or oxygen\n\nBetter control of start-up and shut-down operations\n\nTail Gas treatment\n\nObjective\n\nEnhance the sulphur recovery efficiency to limit SO2 rejection to ambient air\n\nEnvironmental standards more and more stringent\n\nex : 250 mg SO2/Nm3 flue gas i.e. SRE > 99.9%\n\nThe various types of Claus tail gas treatment processes\n\nCatalytic processes\n\nSolvent based processes with recycle of H2S or SO2\n\nREDOX processes in liquid phase\n\nREDOX type process\n\nPrinciple (iron chelate)\n\nH2S + 2 Fe3+ --------> 2 Fe2+ + 2 H+ + 1/n Sn\n\n1/2 O2 + 2 Fe2+ + 2 H+ --------> 2 Fe3+ + H2O\n\nCatalytic TGT processes\n\nProcess based on Claus reaction at lower temperature\n\nSulfreen process and its alternates\n\nHydroSulfreen\n\nDoxoSulfreen\n\nCBA (Cold Bed Adsorption) process\n\nMCRC process\n\nClinsulf process\n\nCatalytic TGT processes\n\nDirect oxidation processes\n\nSuperclaus process\n\nEuroclaus process\n\nBSR/Hi-Activity high activity\n\nBSR/Selectox\n\nTGT – Absorption and recycle of H2S or SO2\n\nH2S recycle processes\n\nHydrogenation  of tail gas residual sulphur compounds to H2S\n\nH2S absorption in selective amine wash (MDEA)\n\nH2S stream recycle to upstream Claus unit\n\nType SCOT, RAR, Resulf, etc...\n\nSO2 recycle processes\n\nTail Gas residual sulphur compounds oxidation to SO2\n\n(SO2 absorption with solvent (amine, physical solvent\n\nSO2 stream recycle to upstream Claus unit\n\nType Cansolv process, Solinox process, Clausmaster process\n\n \n\n \n\n30 تا 70 درصد پروژه | پاورپوینت | سمینار | طرح های کارآفرینی و  توجیهی |  پایان-نامه |  پی دی اف  مقاله ( کتاب ) | نقشه | پلان طراحی |  های آماده به صورت رایگان میباشد ( word | pdf | docx | doc )